Irregular vaginal bleeding in women unrelated to pregnancy or postpartum conditions is most commonly caused by hormonal imbalances, changes in contraception, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts or tumors, and a range of other medical conditions. Any abnormal bleeding that lasts for more than three consecutive menstrual cycles should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Common symptoms associated with irregular vaginal bleeding include: heavy or prolonged bleeding during menstruation; spotting between periods; frequent bouts of light spotting; pain during periods; blood clots present in the menstrual flow; and changes in the amount of time between cycles.
Individuals who experience any of these symptoms should seek medical advice as soon as possible. Diagnosis may involve physical examination, blood tests to check hormone levels, pelvic ultrasound and other imaging tests, endometrial biopsy, and hysteroscopy.
Treatment of irregular vaginal bleeding typically depends on the underlying cause. It may include medications such as birth control pills or progesterone supplements to restore hormonal balance; antibiotics for infections; surgery to remove fibroids or cysts; or other treatments depending on the diagnosis.
In most cases, treatment is effective in stopping abnormal bleeding and restoring regular menstrual cycles. However, it is important to follow up with a healthcare provider regularly to ensure that the condition does not recur or worsen over time.
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